Download Cortical Deficits in Schizophrenia: From Genes to Function by Patricio (Ed.) O'Donnell, Patricio O'Donnell PDF
By Patricio (Ed.) O'Donnell, Patricio O'Donnell
This highly very important textual content goals to light up some of the most tough components of research in psychiatric medication – the foundation for schizophrenia in human DNA. The genetics of schizophrenia were elusive for many years. in recent times, even though, a posh set of genes and gene diversifications that confer predisposition to schizophrenia were pointed out. The problem is to appreciate the biology of the genes and learn the way they exert their impact. this is the entire most modern learn.
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Extra resources for Cortical Deficits in Schizophrenia: From Genes to Function
Example text
2007; Svenningsson et al. 2003). Group1 mGluR stimulation also results in the depolarization of post-synaptic neurons (Charpak et al. 1990; Guerineau et al. 1995), influences NMDA receptor activity within the limbic-corticostriatal circuit (Awad et al. 2000; Holohean et al. 1999; Homayoun and Moghaddam 2006; Pisani et al. 1997; Pisani et al. 2001; Prisco et al. 2002; Salt and Binns 2000), and can increase calcium-mediated potassium channel conductance within dopamine neurons located within this circuit (Fiorillo and Williams 1998; Paladini et al.
In contrast, the application of glutamate and stimulation of calcium entry through NMDA receptors causes Homer de-clustering and reduces the amount of CC-Homer-NMDA clusters within the spine (Okabe et al. 2001). Although activation of protein kinase C (PKC) does not affect the intracellular distribution of CC-Homers, it induces the recruitment of Homer1a from the soma to the dendritic spine (Kato et al. 2001). Moreover, the administration of high potassium, phorbol esters, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT3 all promote the accumulation of Homer1a at synaptic sites in hippocampal neurons and these effects are dependent upon the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (Kato et al.
Spines also contain high concentrations of cytoskeletal associated proteins that include the Homer family of proteins, which cross-link actin filaments with the plasma membrane, glutamate receptors and Homer: A Genetic Factor in Schizophrenia? 35 ion channels, other components of intracellular signaling, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum present in some spines (Ehlers 2002; Fagni et al. 2000). Indeed, Homers are critical for regulating dendritic morphology and axonal pathfinding and their expression is dysregulated within limbo-corticostriatal structures in post-mortem brains of aged patients with schizophrenia (Meador-Woodruff et al.