Download Bound by Our Constitution by Vivien Hart PDF
By Vivien Hart
What distinction does a written structure make to public coverage? How have ladies staff fared in a kingdom sure by way of constitutional rules, in comparison with these now not lined by means of formal, written promises of reasonable approach or equitable final result? to enquire those questions, Vivien Hart strains the evolution of minimal salary guidelines within the usa and Britain from their universal origins in women's politics round 1900 to their divergent results in our day. She argues, opposite to universal knowledge, that the virtue has been with the yank constitutional method instead of the British.
Basing her research on fundamental learn, Hart reconstructs criminal techniques and coverage judgements that revolved round the popularity of ladies as staff and the general public definition of gender roles. Contrasting seismic shifts and growth in American minimal salary coverage with indifference and eventual abolition in Britain, she demanding situations preconceptions concerning the constraints of yankee constitutionalism as opposed to British flexibility. notwithstanding constitutional necessities did block and frustrate women's makes an attempt to realize reasonable wages, additionally they, as Hart demonstrates, created a terrain within the usa for principled debate approximately girls, paintings, and the state--and a momentum for public policy--unparalleled in Britain. Hart's publication could be of curiosity to coverage, hard work, women's, and criminal historians, to political scientists, and to scholars of gender concerns, legislation, and social coverage.
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Sample text
The idea of a minimum wage arose during the 1890s, as a response to mounting public concern about so-called sweated industries. Ambiguities entrenched in public perceptions of sweating were carried over into the debate about a minimum wage. When minimum wagers confronted the conditions of the sweated industries, they confronted a world in which women might be breadwinners, men might be dependents, and breadwinners of either sex could work night and day and fail to make a subsistence living. Gendered assumptions, prejudices, and possibilities were usually at the center of the debate, but they intersected with questions of class.
17 Rates multiplied with the subdivision of tasks, varied locally, and changed, usually for the worse, continuously. Many sweated trades were seasonal. In many, workers provided materials—cotton and glue for carding hooks and eyes, or thread for sewing—and suffered punitive deductions for damage, so that the real wage was invariably less than the going rate. The average weekly wages in seventy-six home work occupations in 1908 ranged from 18s 4d for voile skirtmaking, down to 2s 3d for binding hair nets (annotated “Provides silk for sewing.
Will work as many hours as she can endure,” and some women in one study simply recorded “all day” as their average working day. ” “Mrs. ’s that she worked fifteen or sixteen hours a day, plus household duties. 24 The Lords’ definition also mentioned the sanitary state of the houses where work was undertaken. Sweating was sometimes considered synonymous with home work, and the distinction between work done at home or in workshops later became the focus of an argument about legislation to license premises or control wages.